\u3000\u3000\u73fe\u5728\u505a\u751a\u9ebc\u4e8b\u90fd\u8981\u8003\u7a76\u8ff7\u4fe1\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u662f\u5a5a\u524d\u540c\u5c45\u9019\u985e\u4f60\u60c5\u6211\u9858\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u751a\u9ebc\u662f\u5a5a\u524d\u540c\u5c45\uff1f\u751a\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u5a5a\u524d\u540c\u5c45\u624d\u662f\u8ff7\u4fe1\u7684\uff1f\u6211\u60f3\u5927\u5e74\u591c\u5bb6\u61c9\u7576\u5148\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0b\u540c\u5c45\u76843\u500b\u542b\u7fa9\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u30001\u3001\u751a\u9ebc\u662f\u5a5a\u524d\u540c\u5c45\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u5a5a\u59fb\u662f\u793e\u6703\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u55ae\u4f4d\u3002\u5a5a\u59fb\u96d9\u65b9\u6709\u88ab\u793e\u6703\u54c1\u5fb7\u548c\u53f8\u6cd5\u6240\u675f\u7e1b\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\u548c\u7fa9\u52d9\u3002\u5728\u904e\u53bb\uff08\u5305\u7f85\u73fe\u5728\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e43\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c31\u7fa9\u60c5\u7dd2\u806f\u5408\u548c\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u611f\uff0c\u70ba\u5169\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u5408\u71df\u597d\u8655\u800c\u6548\u52de\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5728\u904e\u53bb\uff0c\u5df2\u5a5a\u7570\u6027\u6200\u7236\u6bcd\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u6700\u5229\u65bc\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u5f62\u5f0f(Cherlin,2004)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u800c\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u5f62\u5f0f\u6b63\u5728\u8b8a\u5f88\u591a\u6a23\u3002\u9664\u5a5a\u59fb\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u7570\u6027\u592b\u59bb\u4e5f\u6703\u990a\u80b2\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u592b\u59bb\u9078\u64c7\u4e01\u514b\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4e9b\u60c5\u4fb6\u9078\u64c7\u4f4f\u5728\u4e00\u540c\u7136\u5247\u4e0d\u5a36\u89aa\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u6709\u751f\u80b2\u4e86\u5b69\u5b50\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5a36\u89aa\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u4eba\u5011\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u4e0d\u60f3\u8981\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u8b93\u6b65\u65bc\u62b1\u8ca0\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u540c\u5c45\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u8a31\u4e00\u7a2e\u6bd4\u64ec\u65b0\u9bae\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u69cb\u6210\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u67d0\u7a2e\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u5a5a\u59fb\u770b\u6cd5\u7684\u9010\u6f38\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u540c\u5c45\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u6709\u4e09\u7a2e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u7b2c1\u7a2e\uff1a\u540c\u5c45\u8005\u5047\u8a2d\u6709\u8207\u4f34\u4fb6\u5a36\u89aa\u7684\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u56fa\u7136\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u7d19\u5a5a\u7d04\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6bd4\u5c65\u675f\u7e1b\uff0c\u8a31\u8afe(commitment)\uff0c\u6295\u5165(investment)\uff0c\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\u7b49\uff0c\u9019\u985e\u540c\u5c45\u95dc\u4fc2\u5341\u5206\u63a5\u8fd1\u65bc\u592b\u59bb\u95dc\u4fc2\uff08\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u4f34\u4fb6\u662f\u201c\u5c31\u50cf\u5a36\u89aa\u4e86\u4e00\u6a23\u591a\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u5e74\u591c\u5c40\u90e8\u4f34\u4fb6\u662f\u201c\u5c31\u50cf\u5a36\u89aa\u4e86\u4e00\u6a23\u5c11\u201d?\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u672b\u5c3e\u540c\u5c45\u7684\u5e74\u7d00\u548c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u7d44\u5efa\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5e74\u4e8b\u76f8\u4eff\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u751f\u6d3b\u6210\u672c\u7684\u52a0\u5927\u5e74\u591c\uff0c\u4efb\u52d9\u7af6\u722d\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u767c\u91cd\u70c8\uff1b\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5e74\u8f15\u5973\u6027\u7684\u53d7\u6559\u5c0e\u6c34\u5e73\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u591a\u7684\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u63a8\u5ef6\u8457\u5a36\u89aa\u5e74\u7d00\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u95dc\u986f\u671f(emergingadulthood)\u4e5f\u88ab\u62c9\u9577\u3002\u5728\u6210\u672c\u7684\u7a4d\u7d2f\u548c\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u6210\u719f\u90fd\u672a\u70ba\u5a36\u89aa\u505a\u597d\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u6642\u5206\uff0c\u540c\u5c45\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u4e14\u53c8\u8207\u5a5a\u59fb\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u89aa\u5bc6\u95dc\u4fc2\u7dad\u7e6b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u7b2c2\u7a2e\uff1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u540c\u5c45\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5728\u5be6\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u6200\u611b\u95dc\u4fc2\u958b\u5c55\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u662f\u80fd\u5920\u901a\u5f80\u592b\u59bb\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u7576\u88ab\u554f\u5230\u201c\u9078\u64c7\u5a5a\u524d\u540c\u5c45\u6700\u91cd\u8996\u7684\u555f\u4e8b\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u201d\u6642\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u7537\u6027\u548c\u5973\u6027\u88ab\u8a2a\u8005\u90fd\u8a8d\u70ba\uff1a\u8981\u7d93\u6b77\u904e\u540c\u5c45\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u96d9\u65b9\u53ef\u5426\u9069\u5b9c\u5a36\u89aa(Bumpass,Sweet,&Cherlin,1991)\u3002\u540c\u5c45\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u4e00\u584a\u8a66\u9a57\u7530\uff0c\u5047\u8a2d\u96d9\u65b9\u5728\u540c\u5c45\u6642\u4ee3\u76f8\u8655\u8ae7\u548c\uff0c\u6200\u611b\u95dc\u4fc2\u6389\u6389\u843d\u6607\u83ef\uff0c\u5a36\u89aa\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u6c34\u5230\u6e20\u6210\u7684\uff1b\u7136\u5247\u5047\u8a2d\u96d9\u65b9\u7d93\u5e38\u7206\u767c\u62b5\u89f8\u548c\u62b5\u89f8\uff0c\u611b\u548c\u617e\u671b\u88ab\u9010\u6f38\u5730\u6d88\u78e8\uff0c\u90a3\u6a23\u5169\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u597d\u597d\u8aaa\u518d\u6703\u3002\u4e0d\u5916\u5982\u8a31\u62b1\u8ca0\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e3b\u610f\u5b8c\u6210\u8d77\u4f86\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u6709\u5fc5\u7136\u8271\u82e6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u5f8c\u6587\u4e2d\u6703\u5177\u9ad4\u8b1b\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u7b2c3\u7a2e\uff1a\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u540c\u5c45\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6bd4\u64ec\u65bc\u5a5a\u59fb\u548c\u6200\u611b\uff0c\u66f4\u76f8\u4f3c\u65bc\u7368\u8eab\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u4e9b\u540c\u5c45\u8005\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u6c92\u6709\u5a36\u89aa\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u5f7c\u6b64\u60c5\u7dd2\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6df1\u5967\u6df1\u539a\uff0c\u540c\u5c45\u53ea\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u6eff\u8db3\u597d\u8655\u5341\u5206\u5316\uff08\u4fbf\u5229\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u556a\u556a\u556a\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u9019\u985e\u540c\u5c45\u95dc\u4fc2\u66f4\u50cf\u6c92\u7121\u60c5\u7dd2\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u201c\u5ba4\u53cb\u201d\u95dc\u4fc2(roommate)\u5b78\u754c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b83\u548c\u7368\u8eab\u6c92\u6709\u5be6\u8cea\u7684\u5dee\u5225\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u5a5a\u524d\u540c\u5c45\u5177\u6709\u201c\u6d3b\u52d5\u6027\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7a81\u8b8a\u6027\u201d(fluidandevolving)\uff1a\u5206\u6b67\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5a5a\u524d\u540c\u5c45\u5728\u675f\u7e1b\uff0c\u56b4\u8085\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u6295\u5165\u7b49\u7dad\u5ea6\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5dee\u7570\u4e5f\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u4e0d\u6642\u8b8a\u66f4\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5c0d\u6200\u611b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u548c\u958b\u5c55\u767c\u751f\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u30002\u3001\u5a5a\u524d\u540c\u5c45\u80fd\u5920\u5e36\u4f86\u8ca0\u9762\u5f71\u97ff\u9ebc\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u540c\u5c45\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u610f\u7fa9\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\uff1a\u5b83\u7d66\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd1\u8ddd\u96e2\u63a5\u89f8\u4f34\u4fb6\u7684\u6642\u6a5f\u3002\u7d93\u904e\u5728\u4e00\u540c\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6df1\u5316\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u5c0d\u65b9\u7684\u4e09\u4e0d\u7f8e\u89c0\u7fd2\u6163\uff0c\u559c\u597d\u54c1\u6027\uff0c\u89aa\u81ea\u611f\u89f8\u611f\u67d3\u96d9\u65b9\u53ef\u5426\u9069\u5b9c\u6301\u4e45\u5730\u76f8\u8655\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5c0d\u95dc\u4fc2\u8cea\u91cf\u548c\u958b\u5c55\u505c\u6b62\u6aa2\u6e2c\u8207\u8a55\u50f9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4eca\u671d\u6bd4\u64ec\u98a8\u884c\u7684\u201c\u8a66\u5a5a\u201d\u7684\u4e0d\u7f8e\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u5916\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u8207\u5927\u5e74\u591c\u5bb6\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u4eca\u671d\u5927\u5e74\u591c\u5c11\u6578\u6709\u95dc\u5a5a\u524d\u540c\u5c45\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7167\u6a23\u5074\u91cd\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u8ca0\u9762\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u30001.\u540c\u5c45\u7834\u58de\u4e86\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u5929\u7136\u505c\u9813<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000Stanley,Rhoades,\u548cMarkman(2006)\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u60f0\u6027\u201d(relationshipinertia)\u9019\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8aaa\uff1a\u6211\u5011\u6709\u6642\u4e0d\u6642\u8d70\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u96d9\u65b9\u591a\u9ebc\u76f8\u611b\u548c\u9069\u5b9c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u540c\u5c45\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u4f9d\u9644\u9019\u4e00\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u6163\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u7fd2\u6163\u65bc\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u96e2\u958b\u5982\u8a31\u719f\u6089\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5f62\u72c0\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u6210\u611b\u597d\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4fee\u6539\u90fd\u9091\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u5f62\u6210\u58d3\u529b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\u5a36\u89aa\u548c\u96e2\u5a5a\u7d66\u4eba\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u611f\u662f\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u5927\u5e74\u591c\u7684\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u6709\u6642\u770b\u4f3c\u826f\u6027\u958b\u5c55\u7684\u6200\u611b\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u96b1\u853d\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u9023\u6200\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u90fd\u6c92\u7559\u5fc3\u5230\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\u3002\u800c\u540c\u5c45\u610f\u5473\u8457\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u71df\u652f\u51fa\u3001\u60c5\u7dd2\u4e0a\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u6295\u5165\u3001\u66f4\u56b4\u53b2\u7684\u9650\u5236\u675f\u7e1b\u3001\u548c\u8d8a\u767c\u89aa\u5bc6\u548c\u56b4\u8085\u7684\u5169\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\u6027\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u201c\u96e2\u958b\u540c\u5c45\u95dc\u4fc2\u201d\u6703\u6bd4\u201c\u96e2\u958b\u975e\u540c\u5c45\u7684\u6200\u611b\u95dc\u4fc2\u201d\u8d8a\u767c\u8271\u82e6\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u591a\u540c\u5c45\u60c5\u4fb6\u56fa\u7136\u77e5\u9053\u96d9\u65b9\u5176\u5be6\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u9069\u5b9c\u5a5a\u59fb\uff0c\u537b\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u7e7c\u7e8c\u8d70\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u932f\u904e\u7684\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u4ed6\u80fd\u5920\u7684\u3001\u66f4\u9069\u5b9c\u7684\u6200\u611b\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u6642\u6a5f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u30002.\u540c\u5c45\u7684\u7d93\u6b77\u5f71\u97ff\u5a5a\u6200\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u8cea\u91cf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728Cohan\u548cKlenbaum(2002)\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u88e1\uff0c\u53c3\u8207\u8a66\u9a57\u7684\u592b\u59bb\u8d77\u4e3b\u8981\u5404\u81ea\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u95dc\u4fc2\u88e1\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3001\u4e26\u56f0\u64fe\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u966a\u540c\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3001\u5206\u4eab\u7684\u91d1\u9322\u7b49\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u96d9\u65b9\u5c55\u958b15\u5206\u9418\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\u8faf\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u7dca\u63a5\u8457\u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u5404\u81ea\u5206\u4eab\u5718\u9ad4\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0a\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6212\u83f8\u548c\u4e0d\u611b\u6d3b\u52d5\u7b49\u3002\u4f34\u4fb6\u6703\u4f9d\u64da\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e3b\u610f\u53c3\u8207\u8a55\u8ad6\u8faf\u8ad6\u548c\u505a\u51fa\u56de\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4f9d\u64da\u8996\u983b\u8a18\u9304\u7684\u9019\u56db\u500b\u8a55\u8ad6\u8faf\u8ad6\uff0c\u5256\u6790\u4e86\u88ab\u8a66\u8005\u7684\u8a00\u8a9e\uff0c\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u81c9\u8272\u7b49\uff0c\u4e26\u7d66\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u5404\u9805\u76ee\u6a19\u4e0a\u6253\u5206\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4f9d\u64da\u5f97\u5206\uff0c\u5256\u6790\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u5169\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u5f62\u72c0\u3001\u5f8c\u679c\u8655\u7406\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u660e\uff0c\u6709\u904e\u5a5a\u524d\u540c\u5c45\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u592b\u59bb\uff0c\u5728\u8a55\u8ad6\u8faf\u8ad6\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u767c\u751f\u62b5\u89f8\u7684\u6642\u5206\uff0c\u66f4\u7d93\u5e38\u63a1\u53d6\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u5f37\u5236\u548c\u6d88\u6975\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u61c9\u7528\u8a00\u8a9e\u66b4\u529b\u4f86\u5a01\u8105\u3001\u9032\u64ca\u548c\u6279\u8a55\u5c0d\u65b9\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u5411\u4f34\u4fb6\u5c0b\u6c42\u652f\u6490\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u70ba\u4f34\u4fb6\u4f9b\u7d66\u652f\u6490\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u504f\u5411\u65bc\u63a1\u64a4\u6d88\u6975\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u5c0d\u5c0d\u65b9\u4f9b\u7d66\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u8868\u73fe\u4e0d\u6eff\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u4e0d\u592a\u5be7\u9858\u70ba\u5c0d\u65b9\u4f9b\u7d66\u771f\u5fc3\u7684\u652f\u6490\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u800cKline(2004)\u7b49\u767c\u660e\uff0c\u6bd4\u64ec\u6c92\u6709\u540c\u5c45\u904e\u7684\u4f34\u4fb6\uff0c\u540c\u5c45\u904e\u7684\u592b\u59bb\u8f03\u7d93\u5e38\u5730\u8a8d\u70ba\u58d3\u6291\u548c\u7126\u7099\uff0c\u548c\u4f34\u4fb6\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u6d88\u6975\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u3002\u540c\u6642\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u8655\u7406\u5f8c\u679c\u624d\u83ef\uff0c\u548c\u95dc\u4fc2\u597d\u8f49\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e0d\u78ba\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u5047\u8a2d\u6200\u4eba\u5728\u540c\u5c45\u6642\u4ee3\u5347\u70ba\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u9019\u6703\u5c0d\u5f80\u5f8c\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u767c\u751f\u66f4\u52a0\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u96d9\u65b9\u9593\u66f4\u5927\u5e74\u591c\u7684\u62b5\u89f8\uff0c\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u4e0d\u670d\u5b89\u611f\u548c\u4e0d\u80af\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u548c\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u8cea\u91cf\uff08\u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u91cd\u8907\u8cea\u7591\u5f7c\u6b64\u5a36\u89aa\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5426\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u4e86\u5b69\u5b50\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u30003.\u540c\u5c45\u5c0d\u540c\u5c45\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u601d\u5b89\u5eb7\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u8ca0\u9762\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u7d93\u904e\u5927\u5e74\u591c\u6578\u64da\u5256\u6790\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u767c\u660e\uff0c\u81e8\u6642\u540c\u5c45\u7684\u6200\u4eba\u6bd4\u64ec\u65bc\u7d50\u4e86\u5a5a\u7684\u592b\u59bb\uff0c\u66f4\u8f15\u6613\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8655\u5883\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0d\u6eff\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u8a55\u50f9\u66f4\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u66f4\u8f15\u6613\u8a8d\u70ba\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u7121\u5f9e\u6392\u89e3( Staffordet.al.,2004)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u60c5\u4fb6\u5982\u4f55\u8ff7\u4fe1\u7684\u5a5a\u524d\u540c\u5c45<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u800c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u8aaa\uff0c\u540c\u5c45\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u60c5\u7dd2\u8cea\u91cf\u4f4e\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u555f\u4e8b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u63d0\u9192\u5927\u5e74\u591c\u5bb6\uff0c\u201c\u540c\u5c45\u201d\u548c\u201c\u95dc\u4fc2\u8cea\u91cf\u8f03\u4f4e\u201d\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u76f8\u5e72\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u662f\u507d\u76f8\u5e72\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u540c\u5c45\u6709\u6642\u5206\u5176\u5be6\u4e0d\u662f\u62db\u81f4\u95dc\u4fc2\u8cea\u91cf\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u555f\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u30001.\u4f60\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u80fd\u5920\u662f\u6642\u9593<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u6bd4\u5982\uff0cStafford\u7b49(2004)\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0d\u8ad6\u53ef\u5426\u540c\u5c45\u904e\uff0c\u6642\u9593\u624d\u662f\u5f71\u97ff\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u8981\u7d20\uff1a\u5728\u89aa\u5bc6\u95dc\u4fc2\u88e1\uff0c\u8cdc\u8207\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u5b58\u7737\u548c\u8b19\u8b93\u6703\u7e3d\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u9010\u6f38\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u30002.\u9078\u64c7\u540c\u5c45\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\u6c7a\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5b78\u8005\u9084\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u53d7\u6559\u5c0e\u6c34\u5e73\u6bd4\u64ec\u4f4e\u3001\u6216\u7d93\u6fdf\u72c0\u6cc1\u8f03\u5dee\u3001\u6216\u5c0d\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u6bd4\u64ec\u958b\u653e\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6bd4\u64ec\u8f15\u6613\u9078\u64c7\u540c\u5c45\u3002\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u5718\u9ad4\u8981\u7d20\u6070\u597d\u4e5f\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5a5a\u59fb\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u52d5\u6416\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u30003.\u5169\u7a2e\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u8d70\u9032\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000Surra&Hughes(1997)\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4e00\u6bb5\u95dc\u4fc2\u8d70\u5411\u5a5a\u59fb\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1aa.\u53d7\u95dc\u4fc2\u958b\u5c55\u7684\u63a8\u52d5(relationship-driven)\uff0cb.\u53d7\u5076\u7136\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u63a8\u52d5\uff08event-driven\uff09\u3002\u53d7\u95dc\u4fc2\u958b\u5c55\u63a8\u52d5\u7684\u6200\u611b\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6703\u5728\u540c\u5c45\u4e2d\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u767c\u6210\u719f\u548c\u52d5\u6416\u3002\u800c\u5076\u7136\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u63a8\u52d5\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e9b\u9810\u6599\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7206\u767c\u8b93\u540c\u5c45\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u4e3b\u52d5\u5730\u9078\u64c7\u5a36\u89aa\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u51fa\u8eab\u5728\u540c\u5c45\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u71df\u6295\u8cc7\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u793e\u6703\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u7b49\u3002\u540c\u5c45\u5c0d\u9019\u985e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u6709\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u611f\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u30004.\u5fc3\u601d\u5f62\u72c0\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u8207\u60c5\u7dd2\u4e0d\u7f8e\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u4fee\u6539<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u540c\u5c45\u95dc\u4fc2\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u80af\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u3002\u540c\u5c45\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u4e0d\u53d7\u793e\u6703\u6e96\u7e69\u7684\u675f\u7e1b\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u5e74\u591c\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u53ea\u4f9d\u9644\u65bc\u54c1\u5fb7\u7684\u7dad\u7e6b\u3002\u540c\u5c45\u8005\u6703\u8a8d\u70ba\u540c\u5c45\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u81e8\u6642\u7684\uff0c\u77ed\u6642\u9593\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5f62\u72c0\uff0c\u6709\u8f03\u591a\u7684\u672a\u77e5\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u548c\u592b\u59bb\u6bd4\u64ec\uff0c\u540c\u5c45\u8005\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u4e00\u5e74\u88e1\u201c\u8a8d\u70ba\u95dc\u4fc2\u51fa\u73fe\u5f8c\u679c\u201d\u7684\u6b21\u6578\u6bd4\u592b\u59bb\u8981\u8d95\u904e\u5169\u500d\u591a(Bumpass,Sweet,&Cherlin,1991)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u52d5\u6416\u7684\u540c\u5c45\u95dc\u4fc2\u6703\u4fee\u6539\u540c\u5c45\u8005\u6709\u95dc\u6200\u611b\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0d\u7f8e\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u5a36\u89aa\u7684\u8208\u5473\u6703\u6709\u6240\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u8f03\u96e3\u5fe0\u65bc\u53ef\u4ee5\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7562\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u65bc\u63a5\u53d7\u96e2\u5a5a(Cohan&Klenbaum,2002) \u3002\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u4f86\u8b1b\uff0c\u5a5a\u59fb\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u201c\u898f\u7bc4\u7b54\u6848\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u30005.\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5728\u540c\u5c45\u4e4b\u524d\u7f3a\u5c11\u4ed4\u7d30\u7684\u601d\u8003\u548c\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000Stanley\u7b49\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5927\u5e74\u591c\u5c40\u90e8\u540c\u5c45\u8005\u662f\u88ab\u62b1\u8ca0\u63a8\u52d5\u800c\u9010\u6f38\u6ed1\u5165\u540c\u5c45\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u7d93\u904e\u4e86\u4ed4\u7d30\u5546\u91cf\u548c\u5256\u6790\u4ee5\u5f8c\u7684\u660e\u667a\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u4f46\u62b1\u8ca0\u662f\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u6642\u5206\uff0c\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u4fbf\u5229\u7684\u601d\u8003\u4fbf\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4e86\u540c\u5c45\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u30006.\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u548c\u5f62\u72c0\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u8003\u9a57\u898f\u7bc4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u6587\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u5a5a\u524d\u540c\u5c45\u7684\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5c40\u90e8\u4eba\u662f\u5c0d\u5a5a\u59fb\u6709\u8457\u65b0\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u53ea\u8981\u5a36\u89aa\uff0c\u624d\u83ef\u904e\u7684\u5e78\u798f\uff08\u6015\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u7167\u6a23\u617e\u671b\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u4e9b\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6050\u6016\u548c\u5f8c\u679c\uff0c\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u4e86\u62d2\u7d55\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\uff09\u3002\u5047\u8a2d\u7d93\u904e\u614e\u91cd\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5a5a\u59fb\u78ba\u5be6\u4e0d\u9069\u5b9c\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u4e00\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5e78\u798f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u30003\u3001\u540c\u5c45\u524d\u5fc5\u7136\u8981\u505a\u7684\u5169\u4ef6\u4e8b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u5047\u8a2d\u6b63\u5728\u8b80\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u4f60\uff0c\u66fe\u7d93\u6c7a\u5b9a\u540c\u5c45\u6216\u662f\u672b\u5c3e\u540c\u5c45\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u9019\u91cc\u5206\u4eab\u5169\u500b\u5c0ftips\uff0c\u6216\u5bb9\u8a31\u4ee5\u5354\u52a9\u4f60\u964d\u4f4e\u540c\u5c45\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u5341\u5206\u5316\u540c\u5c45\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u5f71\u97ff\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u30001.\u5118\u65e9\u5730\u68b3\u7406\u4e00\u4e0b\u540c\u5c45\u6703\u7d66\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u80fd\u5920\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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